El artículo presenta el análisis de las implicaciones de evaluar la comprensión de lectura y la redacción en pruebas de ingreso a la educación superior, como una consideración necesaria para el desarrollo de una política de competencia comunicativa. Se describe el diseño de un instrumento, partiendo de la concepción sociosemiótica de la lengua, del enfoque metodológico de la comprensión por niveles intra, inter y extratextual, ligado a procesos cognitivos, y la escritura como tecnología. Se incluye, además, un concepto de evaluación (...) enmarcado en el desarrollo de competencia, es decir, los resultados de la prueba se utilizan, por fuera de concepciones deterministas excluyentes, para mostrar un estado de la competencia y las acciones posibles de mejoramiento de la misma. La competencia comunicativa se demuestra como saber transversal, inter y transdisciplinario. (shrink)

Normal 0 false false false PT-BR JA X-NONE Este ensaio é constituído por reflexões a respeito de alteridade na educação, defendendo a necessidade de olhar o Outro como fonte de aprendizagem, visando o desenvolvimento de relações dialógicas e alteritárias. De início, analisa-se a construção da subjetividade moderna cuja centralidade é o sujeito autônomo e racional que pensa e define as relações a partir de princípios pretensamente universais, os quais muitas vezes procuram assimilar o Outro em si mesmo. A sustentação teórica (...) do texto é o pensamento de Emmanuel Levinas, e daí emerge a proposta de pensar o Outro em sua diferença não para objetivá-lo, mas acolhendo-o em sua realidade concreta. Assim, a presente proposição defende processos de mediação educativa, onde os sujeitos, pela presença do rosto do Outro, deixam-se despertar para a responsabilidade e abertura à exterioridade. (shrink)

O texto apresenta um mapeamento exploratório inicial da realidade do ensino de filosofia no ensino fundamental e médio na rede de ensino público e privado de Teresina/PI, realizado no ano de 2000, objetivando disponibilizar dados para a organização dessa área de saber como o campo de atuação dos profissionais de filosofia e servir de subsídios à projeção das atividades da universidade na formação desses profissionais e na formulação de políticas de atuação do Departamento de Filosofia/UFPI junto ao ensino básico. O (...) resultado da pesquisa se apresenta na forma de diagnóstico exploratório de natureza quantitativa, especificando aspectos capazes de configurar a realidade da prática pedagógica do ensino de filosofia, tais como: a presença da disciplina no currículo escolar, a carga-horária conferida ao trabalho didático-pedagógico de filosofia, a formação acadêmica dos professores e professoras que ministram a disciplina, os conteúdos programáticos que predominam nos programas da disciplina, a bibliografia básica utilizada como apoio ao trabalho docente, a metodologia deste ensino e a recepção da disciplina entre os estudantes. (shrink)

Autonomy is conceptualized as the need for agency, self-actualization and independence. Nowadays, financial independence and academic achievement for young populations may be considered as key aspects in the transition to adulthood in response to some contextual demands of different cultural environments. By means of a multi-level model, the present study aims to determine the influence and contribution of factors at individual-level (e.g. sex, age, socioeconomic status, family financial support, awarded scholarships, personal finance, student loans) and school-level (e.g. programme quality, online (...) programs, face to face programs) on the academic achievement of young higher education Colombian students. Data come from the scores of the national standardized academic achievement test administered in 2018 in Colombia. The sample included 234,386 students enrolled in 3,389 higher education institutions in Colombia. After controlling the effects of program quality, and the student's previous academic abilities and socio-economic conditions, results showed that students with scholarships had higher scores than financially-dependent students (those who had students loans) and financially-independent students (those who self-funded their studies or who worked during the week) who had low-scores in the national standardized academic achievement test. (shrink)

During the pandemic, civil society organisations adjusted their purpose to provide support to the most vulnerable. In the midst of the first wave, Superbergamo, an initiative that grew out of local activist associations, provided groceries and medicine to the elderly, the infirm and at-risk groups during the lockdown in Bergamo, Italy. This research analyses a newspaper article from Corriere della Sera published almost two years after the event, which tells the story of Stefano ‘Kino’, one of the volunteers of Superbergamo. (...) Using Critical Discourse Analysis, we show how the mainstream media normalised the story of Superbergamo to transform a critical, radical, leftist mutual aid practice, into an example of charitable volunteering. By omitting and recontextualising central elements, the article inscribed the mutual aid practice in a catholic narrative, stripping it of any critical afflatus of the status quo. Reframed within the catholic vocabulary by the Corriere della Sera’s weekly insert ‘good news’, the story of Superbergamo becomes one that reinforces the common sensical model of catholic charitable volunteering. (shrink)

Este trabajo quedo en tercer lugar durante la IV Olimpiada de filosofía que organiza FICUM en la modalidad de secundaria y bachillerato para promocionar la filosofía entre los jóvenes.

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación multidisciplinaria e interinstitucional, fruto de la alianza entre la Universidad de San Buenaventura Medellín y el Centro de Familia VID-Obra de la Congregación Mariana de Medellín. Surge de una inquietud respecto a la manera en que se aborda la realidad institucional de las madres cabeza de familia, tanto en el ámbito político como empresarial. Para estudiar esta realidad, se partió de un modelo de investigación cualitativo, en donde se hizo una aproximación a (...) la población a partir de un cuestionario que permitiera identificar los roles y percepciones frente al ejercicio de la maternidad y la jefatura femenina, específicamente, cuando se trata de madres trabajadoras. Los resultados arrojados por la investigación permiten obtener una mirada psicosocial de la forma en que se ejerce el rol de madre y de figura de articulación familiar. (shrink)

The concept of Smart Healthy Age-Friendly Environments (SHAFE) emphasises the comprehensive person-centred experience as essential to promoting living environments. SHAFE takes an interdisciplinary approach, conceptualising complete and multidisciplinary solutions for an inclusive society. From this approach, we promote participation, health, and well-being experiences by finding the best possible combinations of social, physical, and digital solutions in the community. This initiative emerged bottom-up in Europe from the dream and conviction that innovation can improve health equity, foster caring communities, and sustainable development. (...) Smart, adaptable, and inclusive solutions can promote and support independence and autonomy throughout the lifespan, regardless of age, gender, disabilities, cultural differences, and personal choices, as well as promote happier and fairer living places. The New European Bauhaus initiative gathers “beautiful, sustainable, and inclusive projects and ideas” to inspire a positive transformation around us. The New European Bauhaus 2024 Festival took place between 9-13 April. “Designing the perfect New European Bauhaus neighbourhood: New European Bauhaus meets SHAFE” was a Satellite Event of the Festival, held as an online workshop, organised by the SHAFE Foundation on April 9th, 2024. At the event, a group of 50 participants with a multidisciplinary background discussed how to meet the challenges of the European Garcia family to enable them to live in a perfect neighbourhood. The White Paper presents the findings of the participants with the New European Bauhaus inspiring projects and ideas to house the European Garcia family in their neighbourhood. The White Paper recommends developers, designers, planners, and policymakers to include person-centred design of social and physical environments and technologies. Although awareness of person-centred design is growing, many initiatives still hamper the inclusion of citizens or end-users throughout the development of products and services. (shrink)

Les statuts hybrides sont en premier lieu ceux des métis, écartelés entre deux loyautés et deux appartenances. Ce texte porte plutôt sur « celles par qui les métissages arrivent », ces mères de métis, généralement indiennes, qui donnent à leurs enfants la langue maternelle et les enracinent dans le sol américain : deux atouts essentiels, mais qui sont disqualifiés par les discours que tiennent Espagnols et Indiens, en vertu de leur sensualité et de leurs vices supposés. Etres ambivalents par excellence, (...) ces femmes ne font pas toujours l’objet d’un même traitement mémoriel et idéologique, comme la comparaison contrastée entre la Malinche (Mexique) et Pocahontas (Amérique du Nord) le montre. Enfin dans le territoire périphérique du Rio de la Plata, deux personnages féminins emblématiques, la Maldonada et Lucía Miranda montrent bien que les mêmes actions ne sont pas nécessairement perçues de la même façon et ne jouent pas le même rôle dans la construction des identités nationales. (shrink)

Over the last two decades, corporate sustainability has been established as a legitimate research topic among management and organization scholars. This introductory article explores potential avenues for advances in research on corporate sustainability by readdressing some of the fundamental aspects of the sustainability debate and approaching some novel perspectives and insights from outside the corporate sustainability field. This essay also sketches out how each of the six articles of this special issue contribute to the literature by going back to some (...) of the conceptual roots of sustainability and/or by offering novel perspectives for research on corporate sustainability. As these six articles and the outlook on future research opportunities show, broadening the inquiry of corporate sustainability in terms of topics, theories, and methodologies holds considerable potential to improve our understanding of how decision makers and organizations respond to sustainability. (shrink)

Dispelling the Darkness: A Jesuit’s Quest for the Soul of Tibet, by Donal S. Lopez Jr. and Thupten Jinpa. Harvard University Press, 2017. 320 pp. Hb and e-book. £23.95. ISBN- 13: 9780674659704.

This article proposes that education, according to Antonio Gramsci, is a political act. To support our thesis, first we review the concepts hegemony, organic intellectual and historic bloc. In a second level, we use those concepts to understand education. In a third level we present a proposal for a functional political and ethical approach of education in current society. La tesis del artículo es que la educación en el pensamiento de Antonio Gramsci constituye un acto político. Para dar sustento a (...) nuestra tesis, en una primera aproximación hacemos una revisión de los conceptos de hegemonía, intelectual orgánico y bloque histórico. En un segundo nivel, nos aproximamos a la utilidad de dichos conceptos para una comprensión del fenómeno educativo. En un tercer y final nivel presentamos al lector una primera exploración de la función política y ética de la educación en la sociedad actual. (shrink)

How do we come to like the things that we do? Each one of us starts from a relatively similar state at birth, yet we end up with vastly different sets of aesthetic preferences. These preferences go on to define us both as individuals and as members of our cultures. Therefore, it is important to understand how aesthetic preferences form over our lifetimes. This poses a challenging problem: to understand this process, one must account for the many factors at play (...) in the formation of aesthetic values and how these factors influence each other over time. A general framework based on basic neuroscientific principles that can also account for this process is needed. Here, we present such a framework and illustrate it through a model that accounts for the trajectories of aesthetic values over time. Our framework is inspired by meta-analytic data of neuroimaging studies of aesthetic appraisal. This framework incorporates effects of sensory inputs, rewards, and motivational states. Crucially, each one of these effects is probabilistic. We model their interactions under a reinforcement-learning circuitry. Simulations of this model and mathematical analysis of the framework lead to three main findings. First, different people may develop distinct weighing of aesthetic variables because of individual variability in motivation. Second, individuals from different cultures and environments may develop different aesthetic values because of unique sensory inputs and social rewards. Third, because learning is stochastic stemming from probabilistic sensory inputs, motivations, and rewards, aesthetic values vary in time. These three theoretical findings account for different lines of empirical research. Through our study, we hope to provide a general and unifying framework for understanding the various aspects involved in the formation of aesthetic values over time. (shrink)

Imposing “sin” taxes has been the preferred way governments tried to discourage the over-consumption of temptation goods for decades. However numerous evidence shows that consumers exhibit behavioral biases which can affect their reaction to taxes. This paper investigates a potential bias and how it affects demand for temptation: financial worries associated with poverty have been shown to shift attention towards pressing needs, often at the expense of forward-looking decisions. In an online experiment with UK participants, we randomly induce financial worries (...) and ask participants to allocate a budget between basic necessities and temptation goods in an experimental market. We randomly impose “taxes” on temptation by increasing its price. We find that, in the absence of any tax, inducing financial worries lowers demand for temptation, effect stronger for lower-income participants. However, when financial concerns are salient, increasing the tax does not lower demand among lower-income participants. While financial worries might protect against over-consumption of temptation in the absence of tax changes, they also might hurt the poor the most when additional taxes are introduced. (shrink)

Neste artigo, usamos a Análise de Discurso Crítica como abordagem teórico-metodológica para analisar argumentos de ministros e ministras do Superior Tribunal de Justiça em um acórdão que afetou o entendimento jurisprudencial brasileiro sobre a Lei Maria da Penha. O principal objetivo neste trabalho é analisar como a Justiça constrói argumentos relativos à violência contra as mulheres em um órgão público notório, como o STJ, que é popularmente conhecido como "Tribunal da Cidadania" por, supostamente, garantir o exercício de vários direitos para (...) a população brasileira. Também buscamos trazer a público diálogos conflitantes, ideologias e jogos de poder inerentes à decisão em análise.This study employs Critical Discourse Analysis as thetheoretical framework to analyze the arguments used by the Superior Court of Justice in decisions related to the Maria da Penha Act, which had significant impact on Brazilian case law. The author's main objective is to discuss how Brazilian Justices construct legal arguments about violence against women in such an important public institution as the Superior Court, popularly known as the "Citizenship Court." The paper also aims to expose conflicting dialogues, ideologies, and power games that are inherent in these decisions. (shrink)

In the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) debate an important discussion concerns the practice of “maternity for others”, better known as “surrogacy”. The dynamics that this scenario implies do not characterize a single context, but are extended on a global scale: they affect couples, women who lend themselves to being “carrier mothers” and the unborn child and thus raise both moral questions about the appropriateness of recourse to such interventions and complex problems of global justice. The article tries to analyze the (...) dynamics involved, in particular with regard to the dimension of commercialization, corporeity and relationships, to try to understand which new forms motherhood, fatherhood and more generally parenting can take. (shrink)

La crisis actual del capitalismo neoliberal da muestra que el modelo que se intentó implementar de forma homogénea da signo de acotamiento y debilidad. Dicho de otro modo, no hay opción posible para la humanidad como no sea la de construir urgentemente una alternativa al capitalismo. Y en esta disyuntiva radical en la que el objetivo fundamental es el de construir o establecer una �forma histórica nueva� que busque ir más allá del capitalismo mismo y reemplazar efectivamente al mundo del (...) capital en sí, la sociedad socialista sigue apareciendo como la única posible. Por ello, se hace necesario reflexionar sobre el socialismo bolivariano del siglo XXI que se desarrolla en Venezuela valorando sus aportes y revisando sus contradicciones, ya que estamos obligados a fortalecer la unión, a radicalizar el compromiso y a acelerar la transición al Socialismo, única manera de que la vida termine por imponerse sobre la muerte. (shrink)